Which type of memory is least affected by aging?

Semantic memory is the type of memory that is least affected by aging. It refers to our ability to recall facts, concepts, and knowledge that are not tied to specific experiences. Unlike episodic memory, which involves the recollection of specific events or personal experiences and tends to decline with age, semantic memory often remains stable or even improves as individuals accumulate more knowledge over time.

As people age, they generally maintain access to the factual information and vocabulary they have learned throughout their lives. This enduring nature of semantic memory allows older adults to perform relatively well on tasks requiring general knowledge, even when other memory types may decline.

In contrast, episodic memory and source memory are more susceptible to age-related decline, reflecting the difficulties older individuals might have in recalling recent events or distinguishing the sources of their memories. Flashbulb memories, which are detailed and vivid recollections of significant events, can also be affected by aging, as the emotional context of such memories may become less accessible over time while the factual aspects of the events remain intact in semantic memory.