UWorld Behavioral Science Practice Test

A major depressive episode is characterized by the presence of specific symptoms that significantly impair daily functioning, and for a diagnosis to be made, these symptoms must persist over a defined period of time. In accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), to classify as a major depressive episode, the symptoms must be present for at least two weeks. This duration allows for the recognition of the episode as a significant impairment rather than a temporary mood fluctuation.

The requirement of a two-week timeframe is important as it helps differentiate between normal grief or transient depressive symptoms and a clinical disorder that may necessitate treatment. Symptoms must also represent a change from previous functioning and can include criteria such as depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, weight changes, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, and difficulty concentrating.

Thus, the correct answer is two weeks, as this timeframe is essential for the diagnosis of a major depressive episode according to standard clinical guidelines.