Which sociological theory is Émile Durkheim most known for?

Émile Durkheim is most recognized for his contributions to structural functionalism, a sociological theory that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Durkheim believed that social institutions and various structures play crucial roles in maintaining the social order. He emphasized the importance of collective norms and values, which he considered essential for social cohesion.

His works, particularly "The Division of Labor in Society" and "Suicide," provide insights into how individuals are influenced by the larger society and how social factors contribute to individual behaviors. In contrast to other sociological theories, structural functionalism specifically focuses on the functions that different parts of society serve, rather than on conflicts or symbolic interactions. This theoretical framework laid the groundwork for future sociological research and remains a significant aspect of the discipline today.