What is a primary reason for the stability of semantic memory in older adults?

The stability of semantic memory in older adults can largely be attributed to the fact that it often involves factual knowledge rather than episodic details. Semantic memory encompasses the storage of general world knowledge, concepts, and facts that are not tied to personal experiences. This type of memory remains relatively stable over time because the knowledge is accumulated across a lifetime and is somewhat independent of the emotional context or personal experiences associated with episodic memory.

As individuals age, they may experience declines in episodic memory, which involves recalling specific events or personal experiences. However, because semantic memory is built on a foundation of established facts and general knowledge, it tends to be less susceptible to the age-related cognitive decline that affects episodic memory. Additionally, people frequently encounter and utilize semantic information in their daily lives, which helps reinforce these memories and maintain their stability.

The other options touch upon relevant aspects of memory but do not capture the core reason for the observed stability of semantic memory in older adults. Routine experiences, continuous education, and emotional valence might play roles in different contexts of memory but do not specifically explain the resilience of factual knowledge in the aging population.