What behavioral reinforcement method is illustrated by patients receiving tokens for desired behaviors in a hospital?

The method illustrated by patients receiving tokens for desired behaviors in a hospital is known as a token economy. This approach is a form of operant conditioning where tangible rewards, such as tokens, are used to reinforce positive behaviors. When patients exhibit desired behaviors, they earn tokens, which can later be exchanged for privileges or items within the hospital setting.

Token economies capitalize on the principles of positive reinforcement. By providing immediate, tangible rewards for desirable actions, the system encourages patients to continue those behaviors. This method is particularly effective in structured environments like hospitals or schools, where clear behavioral expectations can be set and reinforced consistently.

In comparison, modeling involves learning behaviors through observation and imitation, classical conditioning involves creating associations between stimuli, and stimulus generalization refers to the tendency to respond similarly to similar stimuli. These methods do not specifically utilize a system of tokens or tangible rewards linked to behavior reinforcement in the same way that a token economy does.