How is intellectual disability defined by DSM-5?

Intellectual disability, according to the DSM-5, is defined as a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Intellectual functioning is typically assessed through standardized testing, with an IQ score of around 70 or below being a common threshold for diagnosis. Adaptive behavior refers to how effectively individuals cope with everyday tasks and challenges, encompassing skills such as communication, self-care, and interpersonal relationships.

For a diagnosis of intellectual disability, the symptoms must manifest during the developmental period, which is generally understood as the period from birth through the age of 18. This definition underscores the importance of both cognitive abilities and practical skills in determining an individual's overall functioning and support needs. Understanding this dual aspect of intellectual disability is vital for providing appropriate support and interventions tailored to the individual’s unique challenges.