How is "attachment theory" primarily characterized?

Attachment theory is primarily characterized by the bond created between a child and caregiver. This theory, developed by John Bowlby and later expanded by Mary Ainsworth, emphasizes the importance of the early emotional bonds that form between infants and their primary caregivers, typically the mother. These bonds are crucial for the child's development and well-being, as they provide the foundation for emotional security and the ability to form relationships throughout life.

In attachment theory, the quality of the attachment can impact a child's social, emotional, and cognitive development. Secure attachments lead to healthier relationships and better coping strategies in later life, while insecure attachments can result in challenges in forming relationships and may affect psychological health.

The other choices touch on factors that can influence behavior or development in general, but they do not encapsulate the essence of attachment theory as fundamentally as the bond between a child and caregiver does. This specific focus differentiates attachment theory from other psychological perspectives that may look at cognitive processes, socioeconomic factors, or peer relationships.